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OXIPASSIVE®

Reward Circuit Dysregulation in Addiction-Related Craving

  • Modulate Glutamatergic Dysregulation
  • Support Recovery-Related Neuroplasticity
  • Promote Reward Circuit Resilience
Brain illustration showing the neural pathways of the reward circuit

Disease Biology

  1. Healthy Reward Circuit

  2. Repeated Substance Exposure

  3. Glutamatergic Dysregulation

  4. Oxidative Neurobiological Stress

  1. Reduced Endogenous Glutathione

  2. Reward Circuit Dysfunction

  3. Persistent Addiction-Related Craving

  4. Increased Relapse Vulnerability

  1. Healthy Reward Circuit

  2. Repeated Substance Exposure

  3. Glutamatergic Dysregulation

  4. Oxidative Neurobiological Stress

  1. Reduced Endogenous Glutathione

  2. Reward Circuit Dysfunction

  3. Persistent Addiction-Related Craving

  4. Increased Relapse Vulnerability

Patient Profile

Oxipassive Patient Profile

  • Persistent craving despite ongoing treatment
  • Cue-induced cravings
  • High relapse vulnerability
  • Chronic substance-related neurobiological stress
  • Ongoing compulsive drug-seeking behaviour
  • Persistent neurochemical instability during recovery

Typical Clinical Settings

  • Nicotine Use Disorder
  • Cocaine Use Disorder
  • Cannabis Use Disorder
  • Alcohol Use Disorder
  • Amphetamine-related Disorders
  • Other Substance Use Disorders

Oxipassive Patient Profile

  • Persistent craving despite ongoing treatment
  • Cue-induced cravings
  • High relapse vulnerability
  • Chronic substance-related neurobiological stress
  • Ongoing compulsive drug-seeking behaviour
  • Persistent neurochemical instability during recovery

Typical Clinical Settings

  • Nicotine Use Disorder
  • Cocaine Use Disorder
  • Cannabis Use Disorder
  • Alcohol Use Disorder
  • Amphetamine-related Disorders
  • Other Substance Use Disorders

Neuro-Redox Intervention In Reward Circuit Dysfunction

N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC)

  • Restores extracellular cystine-glutamate exchange
  • Supports physiological glutamatergic signaling
  • Reduces pathological reward circuit overactivity
  • Supports neural circuit recovery

Glycine

  • Supports physiological NMDA receptor signaling
  • Supports adaptive reward learning
  • Supports recovery-related neuroplasticity
  • Reduces maladaptive “want more” reinforcement
  • Supports neuronal resilience during recovery

Disease-Specific Biological Intervention Flow

  1. Reward Circuit

  2. Pathological Glutamate Dysregulation

  3. Persistent Addiction-Related Craving

  4. OXIPASSIVE (NAC + Glycine)

  5. Adaptive Reward Learning

  6. Improved Neuroplastic Recovery

  7. Reduced Biological Vulnerability to Relapse

  1. Reward Circuit

  2. Pathological Glutamate Dysregulation

  3. Persistent Addiction-Related Craving

  4. OXIPASSIVE (NAC + Glycine)

  5. Adaptive Reward Learning

  6. Improved Neuroplastic Recovery

  7. Reduced Biological Vulnerability to Relapse

Clinical Positioning

Primary Biological Targets

  • Glutamate Homeostasis
  • Endogenous Glutathione
  • Neuro-Redox Balance
  • Neuronal Resilience

Clinical Objectives

  • Restore Glutamate homeostasis
  • Reduce sub-clinical glutamate dysregulation
  • Reduce oxidative neurobiological stress
  • Support adaptive reward learning
  • Maintain neuroplasticity recovery
  • Enhance enzymatic efficiency
  • Enhance neuroprotective recovery
  • Reduce relapse vulnerability
  • Support long-term neurochemical stability during recovery

Clinical Evidence Dashboard

Evidence Timeline

  1. 2017

    American Journal on Addictions

    ReviewPMID: 28898494
  2. 2021

    Clin Psychopharmacol & Neuroscience

    Meta-AnalysisPMCID: PMC8077050
  3. 2024

    Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Meta-AnalysisPMCID: PMC11412889
  4. 2025

    Addiction Biology

    Meta-AnalysisPMID: 39556483

Key Scientific References

Frontiers in Pharmacology (2024)

Dual antioxidant mechanismsPMCID: PMC11412889

Clin Psychopharmacol & Neuroscience (2021)

Meta-analysis psychiatric outcomesPMCID: PMC8077050

American Journal on Addictions (2017)

NAC for craving systematic reviewPMID: 28898494

Addiction Biology (2025)

Adjunctive support pathwaysPMID: 39556483

Dean et al. (2016)

GSH synthesis optimizationPMCID: PMC5993450

Kalivas & Volkow (2011)

Reward circuit CNS targetsPMID: 19571793